Your first number is the "cold oil rating", second number is the "hot oil rating".
Alot of people say it the first number is the winter rating, which is missleading, it is just the cold start rating, once the motor is up to temp. no matter the time of year the rating becomes the second number(the hot number).
Here are things to think about when choosing. How do you operate the bike, the S10 motor is not a race engine and operating at constant high RPMs was not what it was designed. Second rating of 40 and 50 is more for extreme application like racing where a heavy shock load protection is needed. Using oils rated like 20/50, 15/40 in the S10 unless racing in extreme conditions is not required. (extreme means high rpms and not dirty conditions)
A 0/40, 5/40, 15/40 is the most extreme I recommend for street ADV application but the hot number "40" will make your motor run a little hotter.
Like I said, unless your riding at an extreme pace all the time, 40 and 50 hot ratings are not needed.
Personally I use a 10/30 in my own bike, simply because the lower hot rated number 30 makes the engine run cooler by 1-2 degrees.
The use of full synthetics, is another story..